Key Terms:
Food Administration: WWI agency that encouraged agricultural production and the conservation of existing food supplies.
War Industries Board: WWI agency that allocated scarce goods, established production priorities, and set prices on goods.
National War Labor Board: An organization that helped achieved settlement in disputes between workers and employers.
Great Migration: African Americans moved North from southern cities.
Committee on Public Information:Agency created in 1917 to increase public support for WWI.
Espionage Act: Federal law that outlawed acts of treason during WWI.
Sedition Act: Federal Law that outlawed written criticism of the government.
Key People:
William McAdoo: Secretary of the treasury, and Wilson's son in law.
Herbert Hoover: Director of the food administration, prosperous miner.
Bernard Baruch: Director of the War Industries Board.
Harriot Stanton Blatch: Daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton who headed the Food Administration's Speakers' Bureau.
Juliette Gordon Low: Active American Volunteer who was actively involved in heading the Girl Guides, later known as Girl Scouts.
Summary:
Mobilizing the Nation
*The government set up programs to finance the war, conserve scare resources, and redirect industry and labor towards the war, and launching propaganda campaigns.
Directing the Economy
*Wilson realized he had to redirect the economy, and the first step was to raise money for the war.
*The government raised money through four Liberty Bonds, and had posters, parades, and rallies to promote each bond.
*The government also raised taxes.
*The country also had to coordinate actions of the govt., business, and industry, which was done through federal war boards.
Conserving Resources
*The Food Administration was to increase agricultural production and conserve scarce food.
*Hoover guaranteed farmers high prices for their crops, and agricultural production soared.
*Hoover also had citizens limit their food consumption by having days where they didn't eat wheat or meat, and instead ate produce.
*Harry Garfield, director of the Fuel Administration encouraged people to observe heatless mondays.
Organizing Industry
*Many other federal boards were organized, such as the Railroad industry, which set limits on transportation rates and worker wages.
*The work of all these boards was coordinated by a main board, the WIB.
*Some business leaders criticized Wilson's economic mobilization programs, but when profits soared, they stopped criticizing.
Mobilizing Workers
*Many people, both paid workers and volunteers, worked together for the military campaign.
Organized Labor
*Industries were short of laborers because of little immigration and drafting, and when workers went on strike for higher wages, it worked.
*The NWLB helped unionize workers, so many joined labor unions.
*Women took on many "manly" jobs during the war so they could support the industry.
*Women also helped plan wartime mobilization.
*Because of their help in the war, women gained the right to vote.
Volunteerism
*Many helped the war by conserving energy, recycling, and planting victory gardens and purchasing Liberty Bonds (which provided the govt. with funds to pay for equipment and supplies).
*Born in Savannah, Georgia, Juliette Gordon Low received the best education possible, and after graduating, traveled a lot.
*Low, although rich, wasn't happy, because she had many marriage troubles and suffered from deafness.
*After her husband died, Low decided to find a purpose in life, which turned out to be heading Girl Scouts.
*Girl Scouts grew immensely, and helped with war efforts.
The Great Trek North
*The war also brought many Mexicans north, some fleeing the Mexican revolution, others looking for job opportunities.
*The Great Migration was caused by difficult living and working conditions and discrimination.
*Conditions were better in the north, but there were many outbreaks of violent riots against African Americans.
Influencing Attitudes
*Many people didn't support the war, so Wilson established the CPI, a huge propaganda campaign, to encourage people to support the war.
*At first, the CPI created fact based and upbeat pictures of the war, but they soon started advertising the Germans as evil monsters, and had everyone be on the lookout for spies.
*Because of the propaganda, many German Americans lost their jobs, and anything having to do with Germany, whether it be books or language courses, vanished.
*Other propaganda groups focused on Americanization, which prepared immigrants for full U.S citizenship.
Suppressing Opposition
*Some Americans, particularly religious groups (Quakers and Mennonites), didn't support the war, so they were considered traitors and experienced a lot of violence and abuse.
*The Socialist Party and the Industrial workers of the world thought that warring nations were "using workers as tools in a capital struggle for control of world markets."
*Congress passed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act to silence people who didn't support the war.
*Many people were punished for opposing the war.
*Many Americans believed the Espionage and Sedition Actwas a violation of the First Amendment, but the Supreme Court disagreed.
2/10/12
Mr. Masterson
USHCP
Key Terms:
Food Administration: WWI agency that encouraged agricultural production and the conservation of existing food supplies.
War Industries Board: WWI agency that allocated scarce goods, established production priorities, and set prices on goods.
National War Labor Board: An organization that helped achieved settlement in disputes between workers and employers.
Great Migration: African Americans moved North from southern cities.
Committee on Public Information:Agency created in 1917 to increase public support for WWI.
Espionage Act: Federal law that outlawed acts of treason during WWI.
Sedition Act: Federal Law that outlawed written criticism of the government.
Key People:
William McAdoo: Secretary of the treasury, and Wilson's son in law.
Herbert Hoover: Director of the food administration, prosperous miner.
Bernard Baruch: Director of the War Industries Board.
Harriot Stanton Blatch: Daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton who headed the Food Administration's Speakers' Bureau.
Juliette Gordon Low: Active American Volunteer who was actively involved in heading the Girl Guides, later known as Girl Scouts.
Summary:
Mobilizing the Nation
*The government set up programs to finance the war, conserve scare resources, and redirect industry and labor towards the war, and launching propaganda campaigns.
Directing the Economy
*Wilson realized he had to redirect the economy, and the first step was to raise money for the war.
*The government raised money through four Liberty Bonds, and had posters, parades, and rallies to promote each bond.
*The government also raised taxes.
*The country also had to coordinate actions of the govt., business, and industry, which was done through federal war boards.
Conserving Resources
*The Food Administration was to increase agricultural production and conserve scarce food.
*Hoover guaranteed farmers high prices for their crops, and agricultural production soared.
*Hoover also had citizens limit their food consumption by having days where they didn't eat wheat or meat, and instead ate produce.
*Harry Garfield, director of the Fuel Administration encouraged people to observe heatless mondays.
Organizing Industry
*Many other federal boards were organized, such as the Railroad industry, which set limits on transportation rates and worker wages.
*The work of all these boards was coordinated by a main board, the WIB.
*Some business leaders criticized Wilson's economic mobilization programs, but when profits soared, they stopped criticizing.
Mobilizing Workers
*Many people, both paid workers and volunteers, worked together for the military campaign.
Organized Labor
*Industries were short of laborers because of little immigration and drafting, and when workers went on strike for higher wages, it worked.
*The NWLB helped unionize workers, so many joined labor unions.
*Women took on many "manly" jobs during the war so they could support the industry.
*Women also helped plan wartime mobilization.
*Because of their help in the war, women gained the right to vote.
Volunteerism
*Many helped the war by conserving energy, recycling, and planting victory gardens and purchasing Liberty Bonds (which provided the govt. with funds to pay for equipment and supplies).
*Born in Savannah, Georgia, Juliette Gordon Low received the best education possible, and after graduating, traveled a lot.
*Low, although rich, wasn't happy, because she had many marriage troubles and suffered from deafness.
*After her husband died, Low decided to find a purpose in life, which turned out to be heading Girl Scouts.
*Girl Scouts grew immensely, and helped with war efforts.
The Great Trek North
*The war also brought many Mexicans north, some fleeing the Mexican revolution, others looking for job opportunities.
*The Great Migration was caused by difficult living and working conditions and discrimination.
*Conditions were better in the north, but there were many outbreaks of violent riots against African Americans.
Influencing Attitudes
*Many people didn't support the war, so Wilson established the CPI, a huge propaganda campaign, to encourage people to support the war.
*At first, the CPI created fact based and upbeat pictures of the war, but they soon started advertising the Germans as evil monsters, and had everyone be on the lookout for spies.
*Because of the propaganda, many German Americans lost their jobs, and anything having to do with Germany, whether it be books or language courses, vanished.
*Other propaganda groups focused on Americanization, which prepared immigrants for full U.S citizenship.
Suppressing Opposition
*Some Americans, particularly religious groups (Quakers and Mennonites), didn't support the war, so they were considered traitors and experienced a lot of violence and abuse.
*The Socialist Party and the Industrial workers of the world thought that warring nations were "using workers as tools in a capital struggle for control of world markets."
*Congress passed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act to silence people who didn't support the war.
*Many people were punished for opposing the war.
*Many Americans believed the Espionage and Sedition Actwas a violation of the First Amendment, but the Supreme Court disagreed.